Invariances and Diversities in the Patterns of Industrial Evolution: Some Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Industries

This work explores and compares some basic properties of corporate growth process at both aggregate manufacturing level and disaggregated sectoral levels. Using an extensive dataset on Italian manufacturing firms, we investigate which properties of firm growth dynamics are robust under disaggregation. We compare the results obtained with three different definitions of firm size, namely total sales, number of employees and value added. Our analysis suggests that while different sectors are characterized by significant differences in firm size distributions, in the degrees of concentration and in the autoregressive structure of the growth processes, there are also regularities which hold across all of them, such as the approximate unit root nature of the growth process and the power exponential shape of the growth rates density. Together, these “stylized facts” suggest challenging puzzles on the drivers of corporate growth and the resulting industrial structures.     

流通垄断的福利经济学分析及其测度

本文主要考察流通垄断的特殊性及其福利经济学测度。流通垄断与生产垄断相比，其垄断行为和垄断结构具有很多特殊性和复杂性。在目前阶段，流通市场的低集中度是制约我国流通产业发展的一个重要原因，大型流通企业之间的合并和重组一方面可以实现流通的规模经济，另一方面又有可能导致垄断程度的提高，本文通过一个简单的流通企业合并模型，从福利经济学的视角探讨了这种合并的两难效应，并进一步分析了此种情形下的反垄断措施。     

并购与种子产业发展

并购是现代经济史上一个十分突出的现象,现代种子产业的发展就是一部种子企业的并购史。从微观层次上看,并购是企业发展和追逐利润的内在要求,是实现企业扩张和资本集中的快速有效形式,从宏观层次看,是产业结构调整,合理配置资源的手段。从并购这一企业行为对市场结构和产业发展影响的角度,对世界种子产业发展中的并购过程和并购效应进行实证分析,证实了国际种子产业的并购实践对现阶段国内种子产业的借鉴意义。     

市场集中度的国际比较--以报业市场为例

20世纪90年代以来,中国、美国以及欧美的报业市场几乎同时出现集中趋势,但形成原因及形成机制却有很大不同.为了迎接全球化所带来的传媒业的国际竞争,中国报业有必要通过市场化的经济运行机制,在充分竞争的基础上实现规模经济,以增强国际竞争力.     

City Size,Population Concentration and Productivity: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the impact of China's city size and urban population concentration on city productivity by developing a distinctive index based on global nighttime light data. Using the panel data of 280 prefecture cities from 2004 to 2013 and employing dynamic system generalized method of moments and panel threshold model regression techniques, our results show that city size has a positive impact on city productivity; therefore, cities in China still have the potential to expand. While moderate urban population concentration can benefit city productivity, excessively concentrated urban population distribution may impede the growth of city productivity. We also find that the level of labor income significantly affects the impacts of urban agglomeration on labor productivity. Therefore, our results imply that city development policies should focus more on how to appropriately allocate economic activities and adjust population distribution in urban areas according to different stages of economic development.     

湖州地区辐射影响因子分析

[目的]为了探究湖州地区太阳辐射情况,利用2009年1月至2017年12月湖州国家基本气象站的辐射观测资料、地面常规观测资料以及大气成分观测资料。[方法]文章分析了湖州地区太阳辐射的变化特征,并检验了太阳辐射与部分气象要素极值的相关性。[结果]太阳辐射日变化基本呈抛物线型。6月因湖州地区进入梅雨季节,阴雨寡照,并不是一年中辐射最大的月份,一年中辐射的最大值出现在7月,之后逐渐下降。按季节统计,夏季辐射最大,春季次之,秋季比冬季略高。除了2015年以外,近几年辐射总量平稳中稍有下降,考虑到可能存在的辐射年际变化,并不能就此认为该地区的辐射处于下降趋势中。辐射强度与总云量、低云量、最小相对湿度为负相关,与日最高温度、日最高地温呈正相关。晴天时,太阳辐射强度与颗粒物浓度PM10、PM2. 5、PM1三者相关性基本一致,均为春、秋和冬季呈负相关,夏季呈正相关,两者的关系应该按季节具体分析。[结论]影响湖州地区辐射的因子有很多,部分气象因子相关性较好,颗粒物浓度不能简单看成全年太阳辐射的影响因子。     

铁离子、亚铁离子变化对工业锅炉酸洗的影响

介绍工业锅炉酸洗中铁离子的来源,并以实例说明酸洗中应强化对铁离子、亚铁离子(Fe3+、Fe2+)的化学监测,使锅炉酸洗安全进行,及终点的判断。     

我国出租车牌照拍卖机制研究

论文以有效分配、促进竞争、实现经济价值为目标，建立了公开升价拍卖+密封拍卖的两阶段牌照拍卖模型，证明了其有效性和最优性。并以北京市为例讨论了牌照数量的确定、进入密封拍卖阶段的时机和牌照的流通等实际问题。这些讨论将有利于拍卖机制在现实中的操作实施。     

顾客集中与管理层治理——基于薪酬契约和代理成本的视角

本文以创业板上市公司为研究样本，从薪酬契约和代理成本的视角，检验了顾客集中与管理层治理的关系。实证分析结果显示，顾客集中度与高管薪酬和代理成本存在显著负相关关系。结果表明：顾客集中显著影响公司薪酬契约，顾客集中降低了高管薪酬；顾客集中降低代理成本，减轻管理层代理冲突问题。这些研究结论丰富了公司治理的理论内容，同时对于缓解公司代理冲突、改善公司治理矛盾具有重要的现实意义。     

Political hazards and firms' geographic concentration

Research summary : We examine the relationship between the geographic concentration of a firm's sales and the firm's vulnerability to expropriation hazards. Although expanding outside the home location can initially increase a firm's exposure to government expropriation, we find that this effect reverses when a firm's sales outside its home location have reached a point at which it has sufficient resources to better influence government actions and to pose a credible threat to exit the market in which it is being targeted. We supplement this main result by identifying two moderating factors: the firm's level of political capital and the effectiveness of institutional constraints on government behavior. We find support for these hypotheses from survey data on privately owned enterprises in China. Managerial summary : This research advises firm managers that certain market activities might knock their firms' economic interests out of alignment with the government's political interests, and thus, influence the political hazards they face, particularly in emerging markets such as China, which has attracted strong interest of many firms with respect to entering the market. Here, all else being equal, the firms' geographic concentration exposes them to different levels of state expropriation—but not in a simple linear fashion as suggested by the conventional wisdom of local protectionism or that of the bargaining advantage generated by the threat of relocation: Those who are “stuck in the middle” ended up paying twice or even three times as much unauthorized levies as the purely local or the most expansive firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.